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Authors
Nekesa, Catherine
Ekung, Emmanuel
Nalubuuka, Aisha
Atim, Patience Grace
Nakafeero, Gladeth
Udho, Samson
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Lira University Research and Innovation Fund (REF/RG/STUDENTS/2024/1)
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Article History
Received: 27 June 2025
Accepted: 16 November 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with ethical principles. Approval was obtained from the Lira University Research Ethics Committee (LUREC-2024-331) and registered with Uganda National Council of Science and Technology (UNCST). Permission to conduct the study at Kasangati H/C IV was granted by the Wakiso District Health Officer. Facility entry was facilitated through consultations with health facility administrators to enhance trust and promote cooperation throughout the research process. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants after providing detailed information about the study in either English language or the local dialect ( Luganda , commonly spoken language in Wakiso) to ensure full comprehension. Participation was voluntary, and participants were informed of their right to withdraw at any time without affecting the care they received. Confidentiality was ensured by conducting interviews in private spaces, using unique codes instead of personal identifiers, and restricting access to data to the research team only.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
