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Authors
Doan, T. T. Duong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3052-2590
Binns, Colin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6220-3933
Zhao, Yun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8445-8630
Pham, Ngoc Minh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4138-6427
Lee, Andy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4120-5005
Dinh, T. P. Hoa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5280
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
VinUniversity
National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC.108.03-2018.09)
National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NHMRC.108.03-2018.09)
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Article History
Received: 16 July 2025
Accepted: 27 January 2026
First Online: 12 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study received ethical approval from the ethics committee of the Hanoi University of Public Health (Ref: 28/2019/YTCC-HD3) and the Curtin Human Research Ethics Committee (Ref: HRE2019-0143-03). Approval from relevant hospital authorities was obtained before accessing their documents, and written informed consent was taken from all mothers interviewed. Data were accessed for research purposes in October 2024 without any information that could identify individual participants during or after data collection.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
