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Article History

Received: 5 August 2025

Accepted: 18 December 2025

First Online: 30 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the University of Jordan Ethical Committee on March 18th 2024, Decision No. 181/2024. Participants were recruited via Facebook, and an online information sheet of the survey was provided at the start of the study’s purpose, voluntary nature, procedures and the measures. Informed consent was procured electronically before participants could access the survey. The participation was completely voluntary, and participants could take out at any time without any penalty. All responses were de-identified and stored securely on Qualtrics, and reported only in compiled form to ensure the confidentiality.

: All participants provided informed consent for participation in the survey. Responses were collected anonymously, and participants were informed that aggregated, de-identified results would be published in academic outlets.

: The authors declare no competing interests.