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Authors
Kwagala, Betty
Wandera, Stephen Ojiambo
Ndugga, Patricia
Nankinga, Olivia
Lwanga, Charles
Ngabirano, Fred
Kapiriri, Lydia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
International Development Research Centre WomenRise Project (110012)
International Development Research Centre WomenRise Project (110012)
International Development Research Centre WomenRise Project (110012)
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Article History
Received: 11 June 2025
Accepted: 7 March 2026
First Online: 19 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by The AIDS Support Organization-2022-169 and registered by the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (UNCST), SS149ES. In Canada, the study was approved by the McMaster University Research Ethics Board (MREB#:6257). We obtained Voluntary informed consent from adult respondents and assent from minors (below 18 years), after obtaining their parents’ or guardians’ consent. Working minors who lived alone were treated as emancipated minors. The study took place shortly after the COVID-19 and Ebola epidemics. In accordance with standard operating procedures, we limited physical contact by obtaining verbal consent. Participants were assured of confidentiality.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
