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Article History

Received: 23 May 2022

Accepted: 9 November 2022

First Online: 22 November 2022

Declarations

:

: Formal ethical approval and consent were not required as the study used aggregated and publicly available data which contained no patient or prescriber identifiable information.

: Not applicable.

: L.A.C. chaired the Guideline Development Group for the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network publication, “Management of Chronic Pain”, to which this paper refers, proposed an update due to changing evidence, and contributed to the update of the opioids section. She has been Vice Chair of SIGN since October 2020 and was a member of the Scottish Government group that developed the National Prescribing Strategy for Chronic Pain.B.H.S. was a member of the Guideline Development Group for the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network publication, “Management of Chronic Pain”, to which this paper refers and contributed to the update of the opioids section. He was the Scottish Government’s National Lead Clinician for Chronic Pain (2014 to 2021) and was a member of the Scottish Government group that developed the National Prescribing Strategy for Chronic Pain.D.R.M. is supported by a Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Development Fellowship (Grant 214588/Z/18/Z) and reports grants from the Chief Scientist Office (CSO), Health Data Research UK (HDR-UK) and the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR), outside of the submitted work.H.L.H. and N.T. declare that they have no competing interests.