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Article History

Received: 5 June 2022

Accepted: 14 November 2022

First Online: 11 January 2023

Declarations

:

: This study has received or sought ethics approval from the following entities:UK: University of Birmingham STEM committee (Reference number: ERN_19-1557). Australia: the University of Melbourne Medicine and Dentistry Human Ethics Sub-Committee (1956004). World Health Organization: Review Panel on Research Project Review Panel s (RP2), WHO Ethical Review Research Ethics Review Committee (WHO ERC; reference number: ERC.0003486). Nigeria: National Health Research Ethics Committee of Nigeria (NHREC) (Reference number: NHREC/01/01/2007)-07/04/2020). Kenya: University of Nairobi: KNH-UON ERC (P25/01/2020); Pharmacy and Poisons Board PPB/ECCT/20/06/06/2020(116), National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation Nacosti P/21/8437. South Africa: Eastern Cape Department of Health (EC_202007_015); University of Cape Town Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC; reference number: 091/2020), Health Province of KwaZulu-Natal (NHRD reference number: KZ_202008_036), University of the Witwatersrand Human Research Ethics Committee-Medical (reference number: M200241).

: Not applicable

: Professor Suellen Miller’s University (University of California San Francisco) holds the license for the Trademark name 'LifeWrap.’ The LifeWrap is the name of one first-aid device used in refractory postpartum hemorrhage, the Nonpneumatic Anti-Shock Garment (NASG). The manufacturer of the LifeWrap NASG pays the University of California a royalty for the use of the name.Professor Justus Hofmeyr has conceived a re-usable device for postpartum blood loss monitoring, which is under development by Equalize Health, a non-profit global health organization who holds the intellectual property. GJH may in the future benefit from sales of the device. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.