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Article History

Received: 11 November 2024

Accepted: 19 May 2025

First Online: 9 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Approval to conduct the study was gained from the Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects at the University of California, Berkeley. Participants (providers and patients) were asked to provide written informed consent before participating in the study.

: Model consent forms are available upon request.

: AGH, LDS, AMK, DJB, MD, LD and CC have received National Institutes of Health funding. AGH has received book royalties from Guilford Press and Oxford University Press.Over the past 3 years, DJB has served as a paid consultant to Sleep Number and Synchronicity Pharma (not greater than $5000 per year). Consulting has focused on insomnia, measurement of sleep characteristics, and relationships between sleep and health outcomes. DJB is an author of questionnaires including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Addendum for PTSD (PSQI-A), Brief Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (B-PSQI), Daytime Insomnia Symptoms Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Diary, Insomnia Symptom Questionnaire, and RU_SATED (copyrights held by University of Pittsburgh). These instruments have been licensed to commercial entities for fees by the University of Pittsburgh. DJB receives a portion of the licensing fees, paid to him by the University of Pittsburgh. He is also co-author of the Consensus Sleep Diary (copyright held by Ryerson University), which is licensed to commercial entities for a fee by Ryerson University. DJB receives a portion of the licensing fees from the University of Pittsburgh through its agreement with Ryerson University. DJB has received grant/contract support from NIH, PCORI, AHRQ, VA and Sleep Number for research relating to sleep, insomnia, sleep interventions, and questionnaire development.