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Authors
Huang, Weiting
Duan, Xuming
Hong, Hujian
Li, Yan
Shen, Yongyan
Sun, Deyu
Qu, Yanli https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7533-6815
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Program Joint Program (2024JH2/102600190)
Dalian University of Technology - Liaoning Cancer Hospital Medical Engineering Cross Joint Fund (LD2023021)
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Article History
Received: 8 July 2025
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 30 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study involved anonymized patient data and, due to its retrospective nature, was exempt from the requirement for informed consent. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Liaoning Cancer Hospital (KY20231116), in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: All authors have consented to the publication of this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
