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Authors
Cheng, Yi-Chiao
Huang, Wen-Yen
Shen, Po-Chien
Chen, Fu-Mei
Lee, Meei-Shyuan
Yang, Jen-Fu
Chang, Hao-Cheng
Chang, Wei-Chou
Chen, Jia-Hong
Lo, Cheng-Hsiang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tri-Service General Hospital (TSGH-D-113083)
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Article History
Received: 20 July 2025
Accepted: 16 January 2026
First Online: 29 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Tri-Service General Hospital (IRB No. B202505041). As this was a retrospective analysis of anonymized clinical data, the requirement for individual informed consent was waived.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
