Samson, Damilola Oluwafemi
Ismail, Mahayu
Hanifa, Mohd Ariff Mohamed
Mahidin, Eznal Izwadi Mohd
Manan, Hanani Abdul
Yahya, Noorazrul
Funding for this research was provided by:
Premier Impact Fund 2.0 (DIP-2024-032)
Article History
Received: 23 October 2025
Accepted: 19 April 2026
First Online: 23 April 2026
Declarations
:
: These studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Research Ethics Committee (approval number: UKM PPI/111/8/JEP-2023-817). Patients were exempted from giving informed consent after approval.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.