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Article History

Received: 15 January 2026

Accepted: 7 September 2026

First Online: 16 September 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This retrospective study was conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the responsible Ethics Committee (BASEC approval number: 2020-02112). All CT datasets, associated structure sets, and dose data were fully anonymized prior to analysis. Due to the retrospective nature of the study and the exclusive use of anonymized imaging and dosimetric data, the requirement for informed consent to participate was waived by the approving ethics committee.

Consent for publication: Not applicable, as no identifiable patient data are presented.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.