Wild, Jessica L.
Dixon, Julia M.
Xiao, Mengli
Lategan, Hendrick J.
Oosthuizen, George
Schauer, Steven G.
Steyn, Elmin
Verster, Janette
Wylie, Craig
de Vries, Shaheem
,
Mayet, Mohammed
Hodsdon, Lesley
Snyders, L’Oreal
Wagner, Leigh
Doubell, Karlien
Lourens, Denise
Vlok, Adriaan
Stassen, Willem
Kohlbrenner, Maria
Mould-Millman, Nee-Kofi
Funding for this research was provided by:
Defense Health Agency (W81XWH-19-2-0055)
Article History
Received: 30 October 2025
Accepted: 31 January 2026
First Online: 14 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The Health Research Ethics Committee at Stellenbosch University oversees the conduct of the EpiC study and approved it with a waiver of informed consent (Project ID 14866; Ref. No. N20/03/036). The University of Colorado ceded human subjects research oversight to Stellenbosch HREC (Protocol 20‐2176). The Defense Health Agency Office of Human Research Oversight performed a secondary review and approved compliance with the U.S. Department of Defense’s subject protection requirements (OHRO Log Number E01863.1x).
: Steven Schauer has received financial support in the form of a grant to his institution from SeaStar Medical which does not pose a conflict with this study. All other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.