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Article History

Received: 14 March 2018

Accepted: 2 August 2018

First Online: 9 August 2018

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The institutional review board of the German Spine Registry approved the study (2016448). All participants involved consented to participate in the study, and the written consent has been obtained from all participants.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants enrolled.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.