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Article History

Received: 30 August 2018

Accepted: 17 October 2018

First Online: 30 October 2018

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. All participants were instructed at the beginning of the online survey about the purpose and responsible researcher (including contact opportunities), that all data will be used only for academic purposes, and that all participants will remain completely anonymous in this study. We asked for consent twice: (1) On the second and third page of the web survey information, consent forms were given. (2) Additionally, all participants were again asked for consent at the end of the study (thus, after they have seen all relevant questions). At this point, participants had the opportunity to withdraw their consent with a self-exclusion item. The ethics committee of the Medical Faculty of the University of Münster approved the study (ref. no. 2014-660-f-S).

: The study was performed in a web-based format. Thus, all participants were instructed via the online survey website about the purpose and responsible researcher (including contact opportunities), that all data will be used only for academic purposes, and that all participants will remain completely anonymous in this study. We asked for consent twice: (1) On the second and third page of the web survey information, consent forms were given. Consent forms were draw up in consultation with the ethics committee of the Medical Faculty of the University of Münster and approved for the study by the ethics committee (ref. no. 2014-660-f-S). Forms were stored electronically, as the study was performed in a web-based manner. If needed, English translations of German forms can be provided via the corresponding author. (2) Additionally, all participants were again asked for consent at the end of the study (thus, after they have seen all relevant questions). Participants had the opportunity to withdraw their consent (and consequently delete all of their data) with a self-exclusion item at the end of the study (see the “” section of our manuscript). This question was given automatically and individually.In line with the standards provided by the German Council for Market and Social Research (see ) and according to the German law effective at the time of the study, parental consent was not obtained for participants aged between 14 und 17.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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