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Article History

Received: 2 February 2025

Accepted: 24 April 2025

First Online: 15 May 2025

Declarations

:

: All procedures in studies involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was conducted at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital with the ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University (ORT-2559–04120). Voluntary informed consent was obtained from the subjects before performing any test. After consent obtainment, all hallux valgus patients identified at the Outpatient Clinic were invited to participate in the study. The participants with any history of forefoot or midfoot trauma or other foot surgery were excluded.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.