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Co-morbid mechanisms of intervertebral disc degeneration and osteoporosis: biomechanical coupling and molecular pathways synergistically driving degenerative lesions

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-06075-6

Published Online: 2025-07-14

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

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