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Authors
Li, Changqing
Ding, Hong
Zhang, Lei
Ma, Chao
Ma, Caiyun
Wen, Hebao
Zhao, Xiaojiang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6972-9260
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Philosophy and Social Sciences Foundation of the Anhui Higher Education Institutions of China (2024AH052823, 2024AH052821)
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Article History
Received: 27 March 2025
Accepted: 29 July 2025
First Online: 6 August 2025
Declarations
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: The CHARLS study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (approval number: IRB00001052-11015). All methods were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations, and all participants signed informed consent forms.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
