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Article History

Received: 16 July 2025

Accepted: 14 August 2025

First Online: 1 September 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kunming Medical University (Approval No. KMMU20241612). All experimental procedures followed the ethical guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals. To minimize pain and stress during model establishment, a combination of anesthetic and sedative agents was used during surgery. After modeling, animals were gradually rewarmed to reduce postoperative mortality. During the recovery period, daily assessments of food intake, activity, excretion, and neurological function were conducted. At the end of the study, all animals were humanely euthanized in accordance with ethical guidelines.

: All authors reviewed the final manuscript and provided their approval for submission.

: The authors declare no competing interests.