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Authors
Zhu, Jianxiang
Xia, Zengbing
Min, Jikang
Hu, Wenlin
Li, Heng
Mei, Chao
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Article History
Received: 22 April 2025
Accepted: 28 August 2025
First Online: 8 October 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Singapore General Hospital after obtaining ethical approval from the SingHealth Centralized Institutional Review Board (CIRB; reference number 2014/651/D). In accordance with the institutional guidelines for retrospective studies involving anonymized medical records, the CIRB waived the requirement for individual patient informed consent. The study protocol was implemented in strict adherence to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and local institutional regulations governing medical research.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
