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Article History

Received: 24 March 2025

Accepted: 28 August 2025

First Online: 21 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO number CRD42024590187).

: As corresponding author of this manuscript, we hereby explicitly agree to have this manuscript published by Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. We fully understand and acknowledge all the terms and regulations involved in the publishing process, including but not limited to copyright transfer, manuscript editing and modification, as well as arrangements regarding the publishing format and channels. We promise that the content of the manuscript is authentic, legal and free from any infringement upon the rights and interests of others, and we are willing to assume all legal responsibilities and consequences arising from the content of the manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.