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Authors
Chen, Kuan-Jung
Wang, Chien-Yuan
Chiang, Chao-Ching
Wang, Chien-Shun
Chen, Chien-Hua
Yang, Tzu-Cheng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hsinchu Branch of China Medical University Hospital (CMUHCH-DMR-114-032, CMUHCH-DMR-114-032)
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Article History
Received: 26 June 2025
Accepted: 29 August 2025
First Online: 8 October 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Research Ethics Committee of China Medical University Hospital (Approval Number: CMUH114-REC1-102). Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable, as the study does not contain identifiable individual data or images requiring consent for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
