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Article History

Received: 13 August 2025

Accepted: 22 September 2025

First Online: 28 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This retrospective study was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (No.2023(94)). All studies have been performed in accordance with the ethical standards in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and all studies have been carried out in accordance with relevant regulations of the US Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA).

: As corresponding author of this manuscript, we hereby explicitly agree to have this manuscript published by Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research. We fully understand and acknowledge all the terms and regulations involved in the publishing process, including but not limited to copyright transfer, manuscript editing and modification, as well as arrangements regarding the publishing format and channels. We promise that the content of the manuscript is authentic, legal and free from any infringement upon the rights and interests of others, and we are willing to assume all legal responsibilities and consequences arising from the content of the manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.