Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Milindi, Cedrick Sangwa
Lubaba, Célestin Banza
Mokassa, Jean Luc
Kaniki, Arthur
Ekwalanga, Michel Balaka
Muganza, Adelin
Kalau, Willy Arung A.
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 31 July 2025
Accepted: 2 October 2025
First Online: 5 November 2025
Declarations
:
: This research followed international bioethical principles, including respect for autonomy, justice, non-maleficence, and beneficence. Ethical approval was obtained from the Medical Ethics Committee of the University of Lubumbashi (Ref: UNILU/CEM/131/2022, dated 15/06/2022). All participants (both ONFH cases and controls) signed informed consent forms after being fully informed about the study’s objectives, procedures, risks, and potential benefits. Bone samples were obtained exclusively from residual tissue collected during routine therapeutic surgery (hip arthroplasty), with no additional invasive procedures. While participants received no direct therapeutic benefit, the study aims to improve future ONFH management by identifying underrecognized environmental risk factors. All data were handled with strict confidentiality and scientific integrity.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
