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Authors
Tian, Yang
Jia, Xixi
Li, Gang
Han, Yongzheng
Guo, Xiangyang
Li, Min
Qu, Yinyin
Xu, Mao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bethune Charitable Foundation - Bain Anesthesiology Research Program (BNMR-2024-001)
Key Clinical Projects of Peking University Third Hospital (No. BYSYZD2022021, No. BYSYZD2022038)
Key Clinical Projects of Peking University Third Hospital (No. BYSYZD2022021, No. BYSYZD2022038)
Peking University Third Hospital Haidian Innovation and Transformation Special Program for Science and Technology Innovation Research and Development (HDCXZHKC2022214)
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Article History
Received: 5 May 2025
Accepted: 10 November 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Medical Scientific Research Ethics Committee of Peking University Third Hospital (IRB00006761-M2024464, 2024.06.05), and was preregistered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number ChiCTR2400086263).
: All participants have given their consent for the publication of this work.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized data. This manuscript does not contain personal and/or medical information about an identifiable individual.
