Document is current

Article History

Received: 31 October 2025

Accepted: 12 November 2025

First Online: 7 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the ethics committee of Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University (approval no. 2022ZDSYLL183-P01). Informed consent was waived by the ethics committee of Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University due to the retrospective study design. All studies have been performed in accordance with the ethical standards in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki.

: As the corresponding author of this manuscript, we hereby explicitly agree to have this manuscript published by Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research . We fully understand and acknowledge all the terms and regulations involved in the publishing process, including but not limited to copyright transfer, manuscript editing and modification, as well as arrangements regarding the publishing format and channels. We promise that the content of the manuscript is authentic, legal and free from any infringement upon the rights and interests of others, and we are willing to assume all legal responsibilities and consequences arising from the content of the manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.