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Authors
Fahmy, Mahmoud https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5700-493X
Karim, Mahmoud Abdel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3134-5402
Abo-Elsoud, Mohamed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6086-4834
Shawky, Mostafa Ahmed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3925-6607
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cairo University
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Article History
Received: 13 October 2025
Accepted: 20 November 2025
First Online: 13 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of orthopaedic department of Cairo University, under number [N-98-2025].
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: not applicable.
