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Article History

Received: 5 November 2025

Accepted: 8 December 2025

First Online: 13 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the lead investigational center with internal acceptance number HCB/2021/0699.

: The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Hospital Clínic of Barcelona Ethics Committee, as this retrospective study involved analysis of anonymized clinical data and posed no additional risk to participants, in accordance with Spanish national research regulations ( Ley 14/2007 de Investigación Biomédica [Biomedic Investigation Law] and Ley Orgánica 3/2018 de Protección de Datos Personales [Personal Data Protection Law]).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.