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Article History

Received: 27 November 2025

Accepted: 19 January 2026

First Online: 5 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Hangzhou Fuyang Hospital of Orthopedics of Traditional Chinese Medicine before the study began. The participants’ right to be informed about the study was ensured and agreed to participate in the study.

: All patients provided written informed consent.

: The authors declare no competing interests.