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Authors
Zhu, Dongsheng
Qi, Han
Yao, Feng
Feng, Jiangtao
Cao, Yangjing
Yang, Yicheng
Qiang, Hongjia
Qian, Yu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Lianyungang City maternal and child health research project (F202319)
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Article History
Received: 19 October 2025
Accepted: 19 January 2026
First Online: 8 February 2026
Declarations
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: The present study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Written informed consent was obtained from all legal guardians of the children prior to their participation in the study.
: All legal guardians provided written informed consent for the publication of the case details and accompanying images, with all direct identifiers removed/anonymized as appropriate.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
