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Authors
Chan, Wen-Chi
Tsai, Yu-Chen
Wu, Wen-Tien
Lee, Ru-Ping
Chen, Ing-Ho
Yu, Tzai-Chiu
Hsu, Ji-Ze
Wang, Jen-Hung
Yeh, Kuang-Ting
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Article History
Received: 2 January 2026
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 31 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital (IRB112-133-C, approval date: 09/June/2023). The requirement for informed consent was waived because of the retrospective design and the exclusive use of de-identified data, which posed minimal risk to participants.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
