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Authors
Tang, Shuai
Gong, Wenhua
Han, Shuo
Wang, Yan
Zhang, Hao
Ma, Xuexiao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province (No. tstp20230664)
he Development Center for Medical Science & Technology, National Health Commission (No. WKZX2024JZ0101)
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Article History
Received: 18 January 2026
Accepted: 10 August 2026
First Online: 21 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (ethical approval number: QYFY WZLL 30968) and complied with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was retrospective, and the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University waived the informed consent.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
