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Article History

Received: 23 June 2024

Accepted: 15 September 2024

First Online: 1 October 2024

Declarations

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: There were several limitations in the present study. Although all data were collected retrospectively, selection and recall bias could not be completely prevented, which could sway the final results. The study population was relatively small because of the low incidence of PIVSR in the current era, and the study period was long, which might have limited the number of risk factors associated with the mortality of PIVSR. This was a study from southeast China, therefore expanding the results to other regions might be imprudent.

: Medical Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University approved all consenting procedures. Ethical review number was 2023-NO.031 − 01. The authors of this manuscript have certified that information contained herein was authentic and dependable. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Given its retrospective nature, formal consent was not deemed necessary.

: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.