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Article History

Received: 8 September 2024

Accepted: 24 December 2024

First Online: 10 January 2025

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.RUMS.REC.1401.236). Besides, it was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trial (Code: IRCT20190714044196N1).

: All authors declare their full consent for publishing their article in the Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery.

: One of the study’s limitations was the limited number of patients in the study setting. For further research, we can propose using multi-center sampling methods in order to reach a bigger sample size. Another limitation was the limited number of similar studies to compare and support the results. Future studies are recommended to investigate other non-pharmacological methods of complementary and alternative medicine on anxiety caused by chest tube removal and, on average pain in other surgeries and with other variables rather than pain.

: The authors declare no competing interests.