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Article History

Received: 5 September 2024

Accepted: 27 September 2025

First Online: 17 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki.This study was conducted with approval from the Ethics Committee of Beijing Anzhen Hospital. As this is a retrospective study, the clinical data of the patients involved are all based on the patient’s past medical history and actual diagnosis and treatment data during hospitalisation. This study does not interfere with routine diagnosis and treatment, does not affect patients’ medical rights, and does not increase additional risks to patients. Therefore, after discussion with the Ethics Committee of Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, it was decided to waive the requirement for informed consent from patients. In addition, patients’ clinical data will be used for scientific research and confidentiality will be ensured. The patient’s consent was informed and obtained during hospitalisation.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.