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Authors
Yayan, Josef
Khalil, Amr
Krüger, Marcus
Biancosino, Christian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Private Universität Witten/Herdecke gGmbH
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Article History
Received: 22 September 2025
Accepted: 25 March 2026
First Online: 8 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the institutional Ethics Commission. The Commission reviewed and approved the study’s design, methodology, and ethical considerations, with particular attention to patient safety, data confidentiality, and compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the requirement for written informed consent was waived where applicable. All data were fully anonymized, and the study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The study received approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB).
: We confirm that all materials included in this manuscript can be published.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: No generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools were used in the research design, data analysis, or writing of this manuscript. All content was generated by the authors without the assistance of AI-based technologies.
