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Article History

Received: 15 January 2026

Accepted: 11 April 2026

First Online: 28 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was obtained from the *** Education and Research Hospital Ethics Committee (approval number: 227, dated 10 September 2009).

: Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all patients or their legal guardians where applicable.

: Written informed consent was obtained separately for participation in the research and for the planned surgical procedure. Surgical consent followed the hospital’s standardized form, whereas study-specific consent included detailed information on research objectives, procedures, potential risks, and anticipated benefits.

: No artificial intelligence application was used.

: No international clinical trial registration number was assigned, as the study was conducted in 2009 when institutional ethics committee approval constituted the sufficient regulatory requirement under the national framework.

: The study and manuscript preparation were conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: The authors declare no competing interests.