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Authors
Fei, Supeng
Zhu, Tianyu
Li, Sichen
Zhao, Han
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science and Technology Program Project of Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province (No. 2023-4-108)
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Article History
Received: 26 January 2026
Accepted: 15 April 2026
First Online: 22 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Jinhua People’s Hospital Ethics Committee (Approval No: 2023039). A waiver of the requirement for individual informed consent was granted by the committee due to the retrospective and observational nature of the research, which utilized fully anonymized patient data.
: Not applicable. The need for written informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of Jinhua People’s Hospital (Approval No: 2023039) due to the retrospective nature of this study. All data utilized were derived from anonymized electronic medical records and a digital follow-up platform, with no impact on patient care or additional interventions undertaken for research purposes. All procedures adhered to strict confidentiality standards in compliance with relevant data protection regulations.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
