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Authors
Savari, M.
Eftekhari, S. S.
Hosseini, S.
Bakhshandeh, H.
Khesali, H.
Kaviani, R.
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Article History
Received: 3 February 2026
Accepted: 27 May 2026
First Online: 4 June 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Shahid Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Tehran, Iran (Ethics code: IR.RHC.REC.1403.073). All patient data were handled confidentially and analyzed in an anonymized manner. The requirement for informed consent was waived by the ethics committee due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of routinely collected clinical and echocardiographic data.
: Not applicable. No individual patient identifiers, images, or personal data are presented in this article.
: Not applicable. This study is a retrospective observational analysis and was not registered as a clinical trial.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
