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Article History

Received: 7 November 2025

Accepted: 27 May 2026

First Online: 3 June 2026

Declarations

:

: All procedures in this study adhered to the ethical standards established by the institutional and national human experimentation committees and were in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki of 1964 and its later amendments. The study received approval from Beijing Tongren Hospital’s Institutional Review Board (IRB) (Approval No. TREC2025-KY149). Given that the data used in the study consisted of anonymized patient information and posed no potential risks or impacts on patient care, Beijing Tongren Hospital’s IRB and ethics committee decided to waive the requirement for informed consent for this retrospective study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.