Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82274376)
the Key R & D Program Project of the Guangzhou Science and Technology Bureau (2024B03J1287)
the Key Project of the Major Science and Technology Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Guangzhou Area by the Guangzhou Health Commission (2025ZD005)
the Construction Project of the Guangzhou Major, Difficult and Rare Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center (Traditional Chinese Medicine category) - Osteoporotic fracture
the Integrated Project of the Joint Fund for Regional Innovation and Development of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U24A6013)
he Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization of Guangdong Province (2021B1212040007)
Article History
Received: 5 February 2026
Accepted: 21 June 2026
First Online: 22 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.