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Authors
Han, Jin
Zheng, Shaofeng
Yuan, Jing
Zhang, Congguang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Science and Technology Project Program of Shaanxi Provincial Corporation of China National Tobacco Corporation (KJ-2024-03)
Guangdong Philosophy and Social Science Foundation Regular Project 2023 (GD23XGL118)
Shenzhen Polytechnic University Institutional Launching Projects (6023312045K)
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Article History
Received: 27 May 2025
Accepted: 20 March 2026
First Online: 31 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study did not involve human participants or animals, so ethical approval was not required. This study did not involve human participants, so consent was not applicable.
: All authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript and consent to its submission and publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
