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Article History

Received: 16 January 2020

Accepted: 16 March 2020

First Online: 19 April 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: N/A

: All authors have consented. This manuscript does not include any individual person’s data in any form.

: All authors have signed the ICMJE COI form:J.S. serves as a member of the Board of Directors of the Alpha-1 Foundation and as a consultant to various companies regarding alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, including: Vertex, Arrowhead, Takeda, CSL Behring, Grifols, 23and Me, and InhibRx.R.S. reports other from Grifols, personal fees and other from CSL Behring, other from AstraZeneca, outside the submitted work. C.S. has had grants and non-financial support from Alpha-1 Foundation, personal fees from AlphaNet, grants, personal fees and non-financial support from CSL Behring and Vertex, grants from Grifols, and grants and personal fees from Shire/Takeda linked to testing for AATD. K.G. reports personal fees from the Alpha-1 Foundation. J.T. reports grants and personal fees from Arrowhead, grants and personal fees from Dicerna, grants and personal fees from Vertex, grants and personal fees from Ironwood Inc., personal fees from Biomarin, personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, grants and personal fees from Camp4 Therapeutics, personal fees from Casma Therapeutics, grants and personal fees from KorroBio, personal fees from LogicBio, personal fees from pH Pharma, personal fees from Proteostasis, personal fees from RestoreBio, personal fees from Retrophin, personal fees from Takeda, grants from NIH, grants from Alpha-1 Foundation. M.C. reports grants from Alpha-1 Foundation. A.D. reports personal fees from Grifols. J.Q. reports grants from Shire Pharma Canada ULC. The other authors have nothing to declare.