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Article History

Received: 14 May 2024

Accepted: 15 May 2025

First Online: 17 October 2025

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Co-Authors have provided the following list of conflicting interests: Maria T. Acosta, has no conflict of interests. Silvia Zaragoza Domingo, is consultant to pharma industry as Lundbeck A/S, Sanofi and Jazz Pharmaceuticals and Merck Healthcare. Celso Arango, acts as consultant to a number of pharma companies. Kim I. Bishop, has no conflict of interests. Joan Busner is full-employee at Signant Health may own stock: Signant Health Georg Dorffner, has not conflict of interests. Inés del Cerro, provides consultancy work to pharma industry as World Clinical Trials. John Carlos Diaz, has not conflict of interests. Edna Gruenblatt, has not conflict of interests. Sabine M. Hölter, has not conflict of interests. Brian Harel, is employee at Takeda. Vanitha Krishna, has not conflict of interests. Marta Mas, has not conflict of interest. Carmen Moreno, has not conflict of interest. Stefano Pallanti, the following is declared from 2021 to 2023: Recordati, Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Angelini Pharma, GW Research Limited, Innova Pharma, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Lundbeck, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Agence Nationale dela Recherche France, Aboca, Biogen, Menarini, Neopharmed Gentili, Beckley Psytech, Medpace, Acsel Health, R21 Grant NIH Co-PI Clinical Trial NCT03669315 Carme Plasencia, has not conflict of interests. Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Speaker’s honoraria from Medice Arzneimittel Puetter GmbH & CoKG, Takeda and Janssen in the past 3 years. Funding as Co-PI from GB-A Innovationsfond (UplusE and PeriPsych projects). Daniella Tinoco, has not conflict of interests. Monica Vance, owns and actively operate an organization that provides COA-related services, including consulting to the pharma industry. Manpreet K. Singh, USA has received research support from the National Institutes of Health, Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute, and the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation. She is on a data safety monitoring board for a study funded by the National Institute of Mental Health. She is on the advisory board for Skyland Trail. She receives honoraria from the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, royalties from American Psychiatric Association Publishing, and travel support and/or honoraria for continuing medical education from Neuroscience Education Institute, Psych Congress, and Medscape. Simona Giorgi, has not conflict of interests. José Ángel Aibar, has not conflict of interests. Antonella Santuccione Chadha, Co-Founder and CEO (pro bono) Women`s Brain Project. Estibaliz Arce, has not conflict of interests.