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Article History

Received: 15 January 2025

Accepted: 24 July 2025

First Online: 4 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by Ruijin Hospital Ethics Committee, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (approval date: 3 March 2021, reference number: N-2021-17), Clinical Research Ethics Committees of Peking University First Hospital (approval date: 8 November 2021, reference number: No. 2021 Science 091), Ethics Committee of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (approval date: 20 April 2021, reference number: 2021, ethics number 47), Ethics Committee of Children’s Hospital of Fudan University (approval date: 13 April 2021, reference number: 2021-230), Peking Union Medical College Hospital Ethics Review Committee (approval date: 13 June 2021, reference number: KS2021318), Medical Ethics Committee of Tongji Hospital (approval date: 31 March 2021, reference number: TJ-IRB202148). Written informed consent to participate in this study was provided by the participants’ legal guardian/next of kin.

: Written informed consent for publication of this study was provided by the participants’ legal guardian/next of kin. Written informed consent was obtained from the minor(s)’ legal guardian/next of kin for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article.

: B.L., Q.F. and S.L. were employed by Sanofi and hold stocks of Sanofi. H.R., W.Z. (Beijing), Y.O., J.G., H.X., J.M., X.L., X.P., Y.Y., W.Z. (Taiyuan), Q.S. and N.C. declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.