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Article History

Received: 23 February 2025

Accepted: 19 August 2025

First Online: 8 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by the local ethics committees (approval number Dresden: EK 393122012, Essen: 18-8285-BO, Göttingen: 13/11/12, Halle: 2020 − 215 and 2021 − 101, Hannover: 6269, Heidelberg: S-554/2018, Jena: 3633-11/12, München: 16/14, Ulm 19/12, Würzburg: 165/18).

: Not applicable.

: CDW has received honoraria from Biogen as an advisory board member and for lectures and as an advisory member and consultant from Hoffmann-La Roche. She also received travel expenses from Biogen. BS received advisory honoraria from Alexion and speaker honoraria and travel reimbursement from Biogen BB received compensation for travel expenses from ITF Pharma GmbH outside of the submitted work. JCK has received consultant fees from Biogen and Hoffmann-La Roche. IC has received research grants and speaker fees from Biogen and Hoffmann-La Roche, outside of the submitted work. AM received honoraria from Sanofi as an advisory board member and for lectures and as an advisory board member from Hormosan. DZ received compensation from Biogen for participation on advisory boards, from Novartis for consultancy work, and travel compensation from Angelini Pharma outside of the submitted work. ZU has received honoraria from Biogen as a consultant. HL has received consultant fees from Biogen. CW received travel compensations from ITF Pharma GmbH outside the submitted work. AR received speaker fees from Amylyx Pharmaceuticals and ROCHE and served on advisory boards for Biogen and Argenx outside of the submitted work. JDo has received honoraria from Biogen for lectures. AO has received honoraria from Biogen for lectures. ATo received speaker honoraria and travel reimbursement from Argenx. ATh received speaker honoraria and travel reimbursement from Biogen, Akcea Therapeutics, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum and Alnylam Pharmaceuticals. RS has received presentation fees from ITF Pharma outside of the submitted work. CK received speaker and consulting honoraria from Biogen, Roche and Novartis. ACL received financial research support from AB Science, Biogen Idec, Cytokinetics, GSK, Orion Pharam, Novartis, TauRx Therapeutics Ltd. and TEVA Pharmaceuticals. He also has received honoraria as a consultant from Mitsubishi, Orion Pharma, Novartis, Teva and as an advisory board member of Biogen, Treeway, and Hoffmann-La Roche. MD received honoraria as a speaker/consultant from Biogen and Roche. JK received compensation for clinical research and/or consultancy activities from Biogen, Novartis, Roche and ScholarRock. SP received speaker and consulting honoraria from Amylyx, Biogen, Roche, Ferrer, Italfarmaco, and Zambon. MW has received consultant honoraria from Biogen and Hoffmann-La Roche, and speaker honoraria and travel support for conference attendance from Biogen, all outside the present work. TH received speaker and consulting honoraria from Amylix, Biogen, Hoffmann-LaRoche, Sanofi-Genzyme, Alexion, Alnylam, UCB, Argenx and research support from Biogen and Hoffmann-LaRoche. RG has received personal fees from Biogen and Hoffmann-La Roche and served on advisory boards from Biogen, Hoffmann-La Roche, ITF Pharma, Zambon and research support from Biogen, outside of the submitted work. MF, JDr, JS, KW, TK, JB, JN, GS, MTM, JG, IS, OSK and BI report no competing interests.