Phuong, Phan Thu
Hang, Nguyen Thi Le
Hijikata, Minako https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1642-6597
Morimoto, Kozo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8239-9275
Chau, Ngo Quy
Dinh, Le Cong
Wakabayashi, Keiko
Miyabayashi, Akiko
Huyen, Nguyen Thu
Bich, Pham Thi Ngoc
Keicho, Naoto https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8232-9448
Funding for this research was provided by:
International Cooperation Research Grant, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan.
The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan awarded to the Study Group on Diffuse Pulmonary Disorders, Scientific Research/Research on intractable diseases
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23K07616, 18K08163, 22K08297, 22K08249)
Article History
Received: 10 April 2025
Accepted: 1 September 2025
First Online: 15 October 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Ethical Committees of the Ministry of Health, Vietnam, the Japan Institute for Health Security (the former National Center for Global Health and Medicine), and the Research Institute of Tuberculosis, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Japan. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their guardians.
: All participants consented for anonymized quotes to be used in published research.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.