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Article History

Received: 22 January 2025

Accepted: 29 December 2025

First Online: 20 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The independent ethics committee of the Hamburg Medical Chamber issued a positive ethics vote for the MZCSE-registry on September 17, 2022 (reference number: LPEK-0532). All participants gave informed consent and subsequently completed the online questionnaire anonymously.

: All authors agreed to the submission of the manuscript.

: BL reports research funding (no personal honoraria) from the German Research Foundation, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, the German Innovation Committee at the Joint Federal Committee, the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, the European Joint Programme for Rare Diseases (EJP), the Ministry of Science, Research and Equality of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, Germany, and the Foundation Psychosomatics of Spinal Diseases, Stuttgart, Germany. He received remunerations for several scientific book articles from various book publishers, from the Norddeutsche Rundfunk (NDR) for interviews in medical knowledge programmes on public television, and as a committee member from Aarhus University, Denmark. He received travel expenses from the European Association of Psychosomatic Medicine (EAPM), and accommodation and meals from the Societatea de Medicina Biopsyhosociala, Romania, for a presentation at the EAPM Academy at the Conferința Națională de Psihosomatică, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, October 2023. He received a travel grant for a lecture on the occasion of the presentation of the Alison Creed Award at the EAPM Conference in Lausanne, 12–15 June 2024. He received remuneration and travel expenses for lecture at the Lindauer Psychotherapiewochen, April 2024. He is President of the German College of Psychosomatic Medicine (DKPM) (unpaid) since March 2024 and was a member of the Board of the European Association of Psychosomatic Medicine (EAPM) (unpaid) until 2022. He is member of the EIFFEL Study Oversight Committee (unpaid).NU reports research funding (no personal honoraria) from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the European Joint Programme for Rare Diseases (EJP). She received travel grants from the CARUS foundation to attend the ICPM conference in Tübingen, Germany, 19–21 September 2024. She is board member of the EAPM (unpaid) since June 2024.AB and SB have nothing to declare.