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Article History

Received: 26 August 2025

Accepted: 5 February 2026

First Online: 2 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was given by the North West - Greater Manchester West Research Ethics Committee on 30 April 2022. The Health Research Authority and Health and Care Research Wales Approval Letter was issued on 03 May 2022. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant or by the participant’s legally acceptable representative prior to evaluations performed for eligibility. The study was conducted in accordance with International Conference on Harmonization Good Clinical Practice (ICH GCP E6 R2) and applicable laws and regulations.

: No individual identifying data is included. Participant consent forms included a statement confirming consent for the use of anonymized quotes.

: A.M. is an advisory board member for ELEMENT Danone-Nutricia, Arla, Applied Pharma Research, Vitaflo International and PTC pharmaceuticals, and has received research funding and honoraria from Nutricia, Vitaflo International, MetaHealth, Galen, Arla, and Metax. S.E. has received financial support and honoraria from Nutricia and Vitaflo International to attend/speak at study days and conferences. A.P. has received an educational grant from Cambrooke Therapeutics, research funding from Vitaflo, Nutricia, and Biomarin. Biomarin, Mevalia, Vitaflo and Nutricia have provided research funding to attend scientific meetings. F.I. has received a small honorarium from Applied Pharma Research as compensation for time spent on drafting and writing the manuscript, and honoraria from Vitaflo to attend conferences. C.A., and A.D. declare no conflict of interest.