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Authors
Shibuya, Toko
Akiyama, Takeyuki
Fujiyama, Tetsuji
Otomo, Takanobu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8490-7299
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP22H03046)
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Article History
Received: 4 September 2025
Accepted: 19 June 2026
First Online: 3 July 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee of Kawasaki Medical School (approved no. 5526) and was conducted in accordance with the Japanese ethical guidelines for medical research. All members of the J-MPS were informed by postal mail or e-mail of the content of the study, and consent to the retrospective study analyzing the results of previous surveys was obtained through an opt-out method in which those who refused to participate were asked to come forward. In addition, consent to participate in new surveys is obtained by check-signing a consent form. All data were anonymized and submitted for analysis without any data identifying individuals.
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
