Smith, Ian C.
Triolo, Matthew
Karimi, Karim
Sampaio, Marcos L.
Melkus, Gerd
Yaworski, Rebecca
Chakraborty, Shaoni
Meier-Ross, Kaitlynn
Esttaifo, Fadi
Khan, Sono
Santos, Goncalo Manuel Fernandes Dos
Lessard, Lola E. R.
Farooqui, Ahmed
Varin, Vladimir
Breiner, Ari
Lochmüller, Hanns
Sadikovic, Bekim
Perkins, Theodore J.
Khacho, Mireille
Warman-Chardon, Jodi
Funding for this research was provided by:
Eric Poulin ALS Translational Research Fund
Muscular Dystrophy Canada (932196, 1450093)
Neuromuscular Disease Network for Canada
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council
University of Ottawa Department of Radiology
Canada Summer Jobs program
University of Ottawa Medical Student Summer Research Program
University of Ottawa Department of Medical Imaging
AFM-Téléthon (28653)
Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease (Chair in ALS Research)
Brain Canada/ALS Canada (00854)
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FDN-167281, ERT-174211, OR2-189333)
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (PJT-180458)
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Project Grant)
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (464765, 552525)
Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI-JELF 38412)
Canada Research Chairs (950-232279)
Canada Research Chairs (Tier 2)
European Commission (101080249)
Canada Research Coordinating Committee New Frontiers in Research Fund (NFRFG-2022-00033)
Canada First Research Excellence Fund (CFREF-2022-00007)
Genome Canada
Ontario Genomics Institute (OGI-188)
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN/06604-2019)
uOttawa Faculty of Medicine (Translation Research Grant)
uOttawa Faculty of Medicine (Translation Research Grant)
Brain Canada/ALS Canada Grant (00854)
Department of Medicine/University of Ottawa (Clinical Research Chair)
Physician Services Incorporated (1928)
Article History
Received: 29 April 2026
Accepted: 31 August 2026
First Online: 6 October 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval: Participants were recruited from the NeuroMuscular Center at The Ottawa Hospital and informed consent was obtained from all participants under Ottawa Health Science Network Research Ethics Board protocol numbers #20190056-01T and #20220595–01 H. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent to participate: Not applicable.
Competing interests: BS is a shareholder in EpiSign Inc.